For Research Use Only — Not for Human Consumption
Abstract
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide (sequence: Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) derived from the ACTH(4–10) fragment, with modifications to enhance stability and activity. Initially developed in Russia, Semax has been studied for potential nootropic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects. Preclinical and clinical research suggests roles in modulating cognitive performance, neuroplasticity, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter regulation, though its therapeutic use outside of Russia is not FDA-approved.
Introduction & Background
Semax was synthesized in the 1980s–1990s at the Institute of Molecular Genetics (Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of efforts to develop neuropeptides with improved therapeutic potential. It is structurally related to the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment 4–10 but modified with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide for enhanced enzymatic stability.
Because it influences BDNF expression, dopaminergic signaling, and oxidative balance, Semax is used in laboratory models to study:
- Ischemic injury and stroke recovery
- Neurodegenerative processes
- Cognitive function and learning
- Stress resilience and mood regulation
Chemical Identification
- Peptide sequence: Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro (MEHFPGP)
- CAS Number: 80714-61-0
- Molecular Formula: C37H51N9O10S
- Molecular Weight: 751.9 g/mol
- Classification: Synthetic neuropeptide analogue of ACTH(4–10)
Mechanism of Action (Research Models)
Research suggests Semax exerts its activity via:
- Neurotrophin regulation: Enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NGF expression.
- Monoamine modulation: Influences dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine levels.
- Neuroprotection: Reduces oxidative damage, modulates glutamate excitotoxicity, and regulates stress-related gene expression.
- Cognitive enhancement: Improves learning and memory in experimental settings.
Preclinical & Clinical Research Evidence
- Preclinical studies show Semax reduces ischemic brain injury size, improves recovery in stroke models, and enhances memory tasks in rodents.
- Clinical studies in Russia suggest Semax may aid in stroke rehabilitation, optic nerve ischemia, and cognitive decline, but these findings are limited to region-specific trials.
- Comparative studies indicate Semax modulates brain connectivity and BDNF pathways in ways similar to other synthetic peptides like Selank.
Examples of research findings (PubMed/NCBI indexed):
- Ashmarin IP, et al. “Peptide Semax and its biological activity: research overview.” Neurosci Behav Physiol.
- Andreeva LA, et al. “Semax increases expression of BDNF and NGF in the rat brain.” Bull Exp Biol Med.
- Panikratova YR, et al. “Functional connectivity changes with Semax and Selank in fMRI.” Front Pharmacol.
Research Applications
- Neuroprotection in ischemia and stroke models
- Cognition and memory enhancement studies
- Mood regulation and anxiety research
- Oxidative stress and free radical biology
- Neuroplasticity and recovery studies
Formulation & Handling
- Typically supplied as lyophilized peptide powder for reconstitution.
- Often administered intranasally in research studies for enhanced CNS delivery.
- Must be handled under appropriate laboratory biosafety guidelines.
Safety, Limitations & Compliance
- Not FDA-approved for therapeutic use in the United States or most jurisdictions.
- Clinical studies remain limited outside of Russia.
- Long-term safety and efficacy require further investigation.
- Research use only.
Disclaimer
This compound is intended for research purposes only. It is not approved for human consumption, medical treatment, diagnostic, or veterinary use. All experiments must be conducted by qualified professionals in controlled laboratory environments.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is Semax?
Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH(4–10), modified for enhanced stability and neurotropic activity.
2. What is the CAS number of Semax?
CAS Number: 80714-61-0.
3. How does Semax work in research models?
It modulates BDNF expression, dopamine regulation, oxidative stress pathways, and neuroprotective mechanisms.
4. What is the molecular weight of Semax?
751.9 g/mol.
5. Has Semax been tested in humans?
Yes, small-scale clinical studies in Russia investigated its role in stroke, optic nerve ischemia, and cognitive decline.
6. How is Semax typically administered in studies?
Most often via intranasal administration for CNS penetration, or injection in animal studies.
7. What are its main research applications?
Neuroprotection, ischemic injury, memory enhancement, and oxidative stress studies.
8. Is Semax FDA-approved?
No, Semax is not FDA-approved and is restricted to research use.
9. What makes Semax different from Selank?
Semax is derived from ACTH(4–10) and focuses on neurotrophic and cognitive effects, while Selank is a tuftsin analogue with anxiolytic and immunomodulatory effects.
10. Where can I find peer-reviewed studies on Semax?
PubMed and NCBI databases contain indexed publications from Russian and international research groups.
