Abstract
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme found in all living cells, critical for cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and energy production. Injectable NAD+ formulations are being studied for their role in neuroprotection, aging, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial health. Although promising, clinical evidence is still limited, and injectable NAD+ remains a research-only compound.
Chemical Information
- Compound Name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)
- Chemical Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
- Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol
- CAS Number: 53-84-9
- Form: Injectable research solution
- Concentration: Variable (e.g., 100 mg/mL or per lab specification)
- Grade: Research use only
Mechanism of Action
NAD+ acts as a crucial electron carrier in metabolic reactions, primarily in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It serves as a substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38, influencing cellular repair, stress response, and gene expression.
- NAD+ ↔ NADH redox cycling drives ATP production.
- Serves as a cofactor for DNA repair enzymes (PARPs).
- Supports sirtuin activity, which is associated with longevity and metabolic regulation.
- Decline in NAD+ levels is correlated with aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders.
Key PubMed Research:
- NAD+ metabolism and aging
- Role of NAD+ in mitochondrial function
- Therapeutic potential of NAD+ restoration
- NAD+ in neuroprotection
Potential Research Applications
- Mitochondrial Function Studies – exploring oxidative phosphorylation efficiency.
- Neurodegeneration Models – studying NAD+ depletion in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and aging cells.
- Aging Research – NAD+ decline as a biomarker for senescence.
- Cellular Energy Regulation – NAD+/NADH ratios in stress response.
- Metabolic Disease Studies – insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.
Key SEO & Research Keywords
NAD+ injectable, NAD+ IV therapy research, NAD+ metabolism, NAD+ mitochondrial function, NAD+ aging studies, sirtuin activation, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, research use only.
Dosage & Handling (For Research Use Only)
- Formulation: Sterile injectable NAD+ solution
- Storage: Store at 2–8°C, protect from light
- Handling: Use sterile research-grade instruments
- Note: Not for human use; for laboratory investigation only.
Safety and Handling
NAD+ is non-toxic in cell-based research models, but parenteral administration in unregulated human contexts can lead to nausea, flushing, or injection-site irritation.
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) and follow GMP research standards.
10 Common Research FAQs
1. What is NAD+ used for in research?
It’s used to study energy metabolism, mitochondrial health, and aging mechanisms.
2. How does NAD+ impact aging?
Declining NAD+ levels are linked to reduced mitochondrial function and cellular repair capacity.
3. What’s the difference between NAD+ and NADH?
NAD+ is the oxidized form, while NADH is the reduced form involved in energy transfer.
4. Can NAD+ improve mitochondrial activity in cells?
Yes, research shows increased NAD+ can enhance mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis.
5. Is NAD+ similar to NMN or NR?
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) and NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) are precursors that increase NAD+ levels in cells.
6. Are there human trials?
Several early-phase human trials are studying NAD+ and its precursors for metabolic and neuroprotective effects.
7. How stable is NAD+ in solution?
It’s stable under refrigeration but sensitive to heat and light.
8. What are the main research applications?
Metabolic studies, aging research, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress response.
9. Does NAD+ affect sirtuins?
Yes, NAD+ directly activates sirtuins (SIRT1–7), influencing longevity and DNA repair pathways.
10. Is NAD+ safe for direct injection?
Only under regulated research environments; it is not approved for human therapeutic use.
Representative PubMed References
- Verdin E. NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science (2015).
- Yoshino J et al. NAD+ intermediates: therapeutic potential. Cell Metab. (2018).
- Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD+ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis. Cell Metab. (2015).
- Rajman L, et al. Therapeutic potential of NAD+ precursors. Cell Metab. (2018).
- Katsyuba E, Auwerx J. Modulating NAD+ metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. (2017).
Research Disclaimer
This compound is provided for laboratory research use only. It is not FDA-approved for medical, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Statements provided are for educational and informational use by qualified research professionals. Improper use outside approved laboratory settings is strictly prohibited.
